Media and Advertising

A brief history of media
and information policy in China

qin_shihuang.jpg
SARFT and GAPP are
for wussies

In 221 BC, after crushing all his rivals, Emperor Qin Shihuang became the unifier and first ruler of the country we now call China. Below is an extract from Sima Qian's history of China, written about a hundred years after Qin Shihuang's rule. The quote is from Chancellor Li Si's Advice, Biography of the First Emperor:
"Now the Emperor has unified all under heaven, distinguishing black from white and establishing a single source of authority.

Yet the adherents of private theories band together to criticize the laws and directives. Hearing that an order has been handed down, each one proceeds to discuss it in the light of his own theories. At court they disapprove in their hearts; outside they debate it in the streets. They hold it a mark of fame to defy the ruler, regard it as lofty to take a dissenting stance, and they lead the lesser officials in fabricating slander.

If behavior such as this is not prohibited, then in upper circles the authority of the ruler will be compromised, and in lower ones cliques will form. Therefore it should be prohibited.

I therefore request that all records of the historians other than those of the state of Qin be burned. With the exception of the academicians whose duty it is to possess them, if there are persons anywhere in the empire who have in their possession copies of the Odes, the Documents, or the writings of the hundred schools of philosophy, they shall in all cases deliver them to the governor or his commandant for burning.

Anyone who ventures to discuss the Odes or Documents shall be executed in the marketplace. Anyone who uses antiquity to criticize the present shall be executed along with his family.

Any official who observes or knows of violations and fails to report them shall be equally guilty.

Anyone who has failed to burn such books within thirty days of the promulgation of this order shall be punitively tattooed and condemned to hard labor.

The books that are to be exempted are those on medicine, divination, agriculture, and forestry.

Anyone wishing to study the laws and ordinances should have a law official for his teacher."

Refer to the links below for information about more recent media policies in China. For more on historical examples of media control in China, go to ESWN: Stupefying the People.

Links and Sources
 
Danwei Model Workers
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Recommended blogs and new media
China Media Timeline
Major media events over the last three decades
Books on China
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Postcards from Tomorrow Square by James Fallows: James Fallows, China writer for The Atlantic magazine and popular blogger published his book Postcards from Tomorrow Square. Danwei runs an excerpt from his book of tales from China.
Raymond Zhou's X-Ray: Book excerpt: X-Ray: Examining the China Enigma by Raymond Zhou (周黎明). Zhou is a well-known Chinese film critic and culture writer, who has published many books in Chinese. The book, in English, is a collection of 99 essays written for the China Daily.
The best and worst China books of 2008: Access Asia rounds up the best and worst books published about China in 2008.
Front Page of the Day
A different newspaper every weekday
From the Vault
Classic Danwei posts
+ Asimov Published, Interviewed in Beijing (2005.03): Cover story from this week's Book Review section of The Beijing News announces the publication of a Chinese translation of Isaac Asimov's complete Foundation series. Yup, the Beijing News has scored a fictional interview with "I, Asimov". They've been taking similar liberties recently in their entertainment sections, captioning photographs of celebrities with made-up quotes.
+ People: Chan Koon-chung (2004.06): John Koon-chung Chan profiled; He is one of the most experienced players in Chinese media, having founded magazines, written and produced feature films and TV dramas, started and run a satellite TV station, and written novels, collections of essays and even a treatise on Marxist literary criticism.
+ People: Chen Daming, director (2004.06): Chen's own life story could be rich material for a feature film. After being rusticated from the Henan Opera School, he was forced to move away from Kaifeng to look for work. The Film Academy is the most prestigious film school in China, counting the directors Zhang Yimou and Chen Kaige among its alumni, and competition for place to study there is fierce. Chen Daming came to Beijing for an audition, and was accepted after three auditions.
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